Summaries of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo essays

Summaries of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo essays For 2000 years, Europeans believed earth was at the center of the universe. This is also known as the Ptolemaic theory. Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer in the late 15thearly 16th century was unsatisfied with the belief that all heavenly bodies revolve around the earth. So in 1512, Copernicus set out to explain the theory of a sun centered universe. Copernicus noticed that the planets varied in brightness and sometimes appeared to move backward in the sky. If the planets were in a perfect circular orbit around the earth, he hypothesized, this should not happen. Although Copernicus was not the first person to discount the Ptolemaic theory, he was the first to introduce a different theory. His belief of a heliocentric solar system seemed very likely to him, but it needed to be proven. So Copernicus devoted many years making astronomical observations in attempt to bolster support for his theory. But Copernicus was reluctant to make his findings known because he feared criticism from Aristotelian traditionalists. It wasnt until the year of his death in 1543 that he did release the results of his research, which was later published: "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres". Although his findings lacked sufficient mathematical data to definitively prove the planets orbit the sun, he allowed for future astronomers to ext rapolate from his findings and eventually prove the a heliocentric solar system. Johannes Kepler, born 1571 in Germany, is responsible for discovering his three laws of planetary motion during the 16th and 17th centuries. Kepler, a believer in the Copernican theory that the planets orbit the sun, not only helped support the views of Copernicus, but expanded on them by showing planets have elliptical orbits that operate under certain mathematical principles. While Copernicus suggested that the earth was not the center of the universe, he still assumed that the planets had perfectly circular ...

Generational Names in the United States

Generational Names in the United States Generations in the United States are defined as social groups of people born around the same time who share similar cultural traits, values, and preferences. In the U.S. today, many people readily identify themselves as Millennials, Xers, or Boomers. But these generational names are a fairly recent cultural phenomenon and they vary depending on the source. The History of Naming Generations Historians generally agree that the naming of generations began in the 20th-century. Gertrude Stein is considered the first to have done so. She bestowed the title of Lost Generation on those who had been born around the turn of the century and bore the brunt of service during World War I. In the epigram to Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises, published in 1926, Stein wrote, You are all a lost generation. Generational theorists Neil Howe and William Strauss are generally credited with identifying and naming the 20th-century generations in the U.S. with their 1991 study Generations. In it, they identified the generation that fought World War II as the G.I. (for Government Issue) Generation. But less than a decade later, Tom Brokaw published The Greatest Generation, a best-selling cultural history of the Great Depression and World War II, and that namesake stuck. Canadian author Douglas Coupland, born in 1961 at the tail end of the Baby Boom, is credited with naming the generation that followed him. Couplands 1991 book Generation X: Tales For an Accelerated Culture, and later works chronicled the lives of 20-somethings and came to be seen by some as defining that eras young. Did You Know? Generational theorists Neil Howe and William Strauss suggested the name Thirteeners (for the 13th generation born since the American Revolution) for Generation X, but the term never caught on. Credit for naming the generations that followed Generation X is less clear. In the early 1990s, the children following Generation X were often referred to as Generation Y by media outlets like Advertising Age, which is credited with first using the term in 1993. But by the mid-90s, as buzz about the turn of the century grew, this generation was more often referred to as Millennials, a term Howe and Strauss first used in their book. The name for the most recent generation varies even more. Some prefer Generation Z, continuing the alphabetical trend begun with Generation X, while others prefer buzzier titles like Centennials or the iGeneration. Generation Names While some generations are known by one name only, such as the Baby Boomers, names for other generations is a matter of some dispute among experts.   Neil Howe and William Strauss define recent generational cohorts in the U.S. this way: 2000 to present: New Silent Generation or Generation Z1980 to 2000: Millennials or Generation Y1965 to 1979: Thirteeners or Generation X1946 to 1964:  Baby Boomers1925 to 1945: Silent Generation1900 to 1924: G.I. Generation The Population Reference Bureau  provides an alternate listing and chronology of generational names in the United States: 1983 to 2001: New Boomers1965 to 1982: Generation X1946 to 1964: Baby Boomers1929 to 1945: Lucky Few1909 to 1928: Good Warriors1890 to 1908: Hard Timers1871 to 1889: New Worlders The Center for Generational Kinetics lists the following five generations who are currently active in Americas economy and workforce: 1996 to present: Gen Z,  iGen, or Centennials1977 to 1995:  Millennials  or Gen Y1965 to 1976: Generation X1946 to 1964: Baby Boomers1945 and before: Traditionalists or Silent Generation Naming Generations Outside the United States Its worth remembering that the concept of social generations like these is largely a Western notion and that generational names are often influenced by local or regional events. In South Africa, for example, people born after the end of apartheid in 1994 are referred to as the Born-Free Generation. Romanians born after the collapse of communism in 1989 are sometimes called the Revolution Generation.   Sources Brokaw, Tom. The Greatest Generation. 1st Edition, Kindle Edition, Random House, February 23, 2000. Carlson, Elwood. 20th-Century U.S. Generations. Population Reference Bureau, March 4, 2009. Coupland, Douglas. Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture. Paperback, St. Martins Griffin, March 15, 1991. Generational Breakdown: Info About All of the Generations. The Center for Generational Kinetics, 2016. Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. Hemingway Library Edition, Reprint Edition, Kindle Edition, Scribner, July 25, 2002. Howe, Neil. Generations: The History of Americas Future, 1584 to 2069. William Strauss, Paperback, Reprint edition, Quill, September 30, 1992.

Have our hegemonic ideas of masculinity changed Answer this question Essay

Have our hegemonic ideas of masculinity changed Answer this question by comparing and contrasting the representation of mascul - Essay Example The interaction of man with the media and communication tends to create a crisis, with the un-tenability of conceptualized single, fixed and unified masculinity. In the film Michael Clayton, there is the depiction of masculinity as a ruthless force, with highly realistic dominance in the courts of law. There is a perception of self-drive and control in the main character, Michael Clayton, brings down alternatives and preferences in his clients as a way of exchanging their fantasies with unjustified justice. Many clients believe that Michael works miracles in the law field, though he is a self-proclaimed janitor. Male masculinity is, hereby, depicted as having changed hegemonically, with the portrayal of a super power in the masculine main character, Michael, who mysteriously succeeds in his law career by winning his cases. In the Searchers film, there is the depiction of male masculinity as cruel and racist. The main character, who is a white man, is a violent character that interact s with people from other races by killing them. The film brings out the perspective of typical racism in the notion of terrorism, with the tarnished hegemonic ideas of the male masculinity in the media fraternity clearly depicted. Racism is the main theme of The Searchers, which also questions the morality levels and quality in the planning and carrying out of terrorism. The film surprisingly and amazingly explores the relations between blood-related individuals and those who have a race in common. Kinship is depicted as a wise choice for masculinity between relationships with blood-related individuals and individuals of the same race. The main character believes that he cannot make any relations or deals with the Indians due to their race and culture, and should rather kill them than make deals, or interact with them. This brings about changed hegemonic perceptions and ideas of masculinity through the media and communication. Racism is highly associated with male masculinity, with many race abuses proven to originate from the males. This is clearly depicted in the Searchers, whereby, the whites brutally kill the Indians, and bring up a racist myth. The Whites consider themselves a superior and dominant race over the Indians, in the movies and the inevitably real situation, and treat racism as a comic channel. This leaves the Indians humiliated if not dead, and turns racism into a horror situation. The media and mass communication industry tends to bring the changed hegemonic ideas about masculinity to light, with the controversial consideration of racism as a comedy rather than a tragedy or timebomb. In the Trailer film, Clayton works closely with the head of the law firm, Marty Bash, as an anchor in intelligence, authority and masculinity. This strongly angers a top partner in the firm, who strips naked and runs through the snowed parking lot, during a deposition hearing. This is a clear example of changed hegemonic ideas in masculinity in the media sector. Arthur is loaded with the testifying responsibility of delivering justice, which is questioned after he strips and runs naked in the parking lot. Male masculinity has faced a changed perception, both in the media sector and in the real world, which has led to the domination of feminity in journalism and mass media. Male actors and characters in the film industry

JOURNAL ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

JOURNAL - Assignment Example This concept shifts the businesses’ marketing efforts from being product-centered to being customer-centered (Borch, 3). After the purchase I went to my grandfather’s house where he showed me his collection of vintage cars. There I found one Ford car called the Model-T Ford. My grandfather told me that at that time they used to sell only this car which was available only in the black color (Brooke, 8). The marketing concept that came to my mind was Mass Marketing where the seller is involved in the mass production, mass distribution and mass promotion of one product for all buyers. Today I was watching television where I saw a news report about a chain of supermarket that is adapting its product range to suit the needs and preferences of the local communities. I immediately linked this news to the marketing concept called Geographic segmentation (McDonald, 121). This kind of segmentation is carried out by companies such as Walmart and Kmart in United States for the purpose of retaining their customers. I was reading a book about Indian economy and how it was in total disarray before the liberalization process in 1991. The book mentioned that after Coca-Cola was forced to make an exit from Indian market, Pepsi made a comprehensive attempt to win over Indian government and business (Bachmeier, 123). The success achieved by this helped Pepsi in entering the market and dominating it for a considerable time. This kind of marketing is called Megamarketing which depends on strategic coordination of economic psychological, political and public relation skills. Branding is a very important marketing concept. It simply establishes a link between the products and services with power of brand. Branding forms an image in the minds of consumers and gives them a reason to buy that product. When I picked up my Gillette razor in

Joint Power Agreement Essay Example for Free

Joint Power Agreement Essay The concept joint powers agreement can be defined under the following fields. The first one is custom lease agreement which implies creation of a custom lease in agreement for commercial, residential or property. The commercial lease entails all the terms necessary when the tenant plans to lease anything either from low land for office suite when transacting any kind of business. Residential rental agreement applies when renting apartments and houses whereby the lease creates a binding agreement between tenant and the land. Fro the case of a property, it can perfectly apply to lease of agricultural lands for farming or ranching. The concept can also be defined through analyzing partnership which implies the documentary agreement that governs the management and control of partnership for instance in corporations. A Service level agreement (SLAs) is another form of defining the concept of joint powers agreement which is applicable in information technology. The engine machine monitors the availability and performance of critical business applications. World examples of joint powers agreement include; business in contract between two counties. For instance, a certain country may have mineral deposits like gold and due to inadequate machinery and skills; it decides to give the tender to another country which is done in documentary form. It can also be applicable in service level agreements for applications in business thus providing out of the box report of performance which is used in effective IT utilization of resources and in capacity planning. Incident commander is a person who is responsible for commanding the incident response. He is the decision making final authority. At the scene of critical incidents, the incident commander has the authority to conduct the command staff immediately. The command staff which has different sections seeks for information directly from the scene seas to organize on how to handle the matter. The incident commander then attents the scene for assessment. He then orders his entire staff to attend the incident where he manages the incident operation. He should ensure that the persons involved in rescue process are well protected and are using devices which are efficient. After the incident is rescued, he later follows up the compensation measures (Arakelian 1950). Unified management refers to a system whereby the business activities operate with a consistency and overall framework. Such operations and practices in business include budget plans, managed marketing strategies and plans for business managements, services management, people, assets and technology, objective of management, problems and issued and also performance plans. Though unified management, many of the business operational practices should be defined. All these segments should not be left to the general manager by departmental managers should join hands together in a certain firm to address issue affecting their firm jointly. Some of the scenarios where unified management team would effectively work include; establishment of unified management framework governance with dimensions to provide the processes of management for directions, development and delivering the business which can also be called the 3Ds across its suppliers, consumer capabilities and services, and also products so as both to fulfill the requirements of consumer and the objective of the business. Another scenario where unified management can be applied effectively is the value of network dimensions which give a structure for process in business around the value streams which through the service, products, suppliers, government dimensions and capabilities of the business. Another scenario of unified management application is ensuring control and facilitating Processes which happen to be standard to every manager wherever they operate business and whatever they manage it ensures unified management processes. References. Arakelian A, (1950). Industrial Management in the USSR. New York.

Essay example --

Megan Moore Composition 2 A. Gaffney March 11, 2014 To Dope or Not to Dope: The Answer is No As most New York Yankee fans know, Alex Rodriguez finished the 2013 baseball season with 654 home-runs on his career. 654. He is currently fifth in home-run record books. Sadly for A-Rod fans, there will be no 2014 season. Following a lengthy bout with the MLB, Rodriguez was suspended after testing positive for PEDs--testosterone supplements to be exact. Tied to the, now-closed, Biogenesis clinic, Rodriguez and (at least) a dozen others are in the spotlight for cheating the game they love. Non-baseball fans might recognize the name Lance Armstrong: multi-cancer survivor, cyclist and guilty of cheating his sport as well. These two, among several others, are the posterboys for a dark era in athletics. As most people would agree, steroids and other drugs are a major problem in athletics today, not just for the athletes but for those of us who enjoy a just, fair, clean game. For many, many years, doping has been an integral part of athletic society. Research believes that doping derives roots back in ancient Greek and Roman culture, 776 B.C (Baron)! Granted PEDs back in the day were god-awful mixtures of herbs, drugs, and alcohol, the drugs athletes are taking now are just as bad. Margaret Goodman, a neurologist and the president of the Voluntary Anti-Doping Association (VADA), explains the different side-effects of steroids. As a ringside physician of boxing matches, she’s listened to the boxers talk about performance-enhancing drugs. Fighters using dope described the horrible consequences: heart, kidney, liver, bone, brain and psychiatric ailment (Goodman). Recently, there is a push for the legalization of steroids and various other PE... ...cles and testosterone. Where’s the fun in knowing someone is cheating a sport they love? As more and more athletes come under-fire, the accomplishments of well-to-do athletes are covered up. How many baseball fans knew Johan Santana, a former Minnesota Twin, threw his first no-hitter in 2012? This no-hitter was also the first in the new York Mets team history. Meanwhile, that same season, favorites like Melky Cabrera and Bortolo Colon, among others, were suspended after testing positive for PEDs. Not only are performance-enhancing drugs destroying our athletes’ bodies, they are destroying the sports we enjoy. The athletes we look up to are leaving a negative effect on the children looking up to them. If we allow this practice to continue, or even worse, legalize steroids, we run the risk of hurting our athletes, our students and the good integrity of our sports.

Hamlet Act Iv Summaries and Laertes Analysis

Hamlet Act IV Scene 1 Summary:After Gertrude's conversation with Hamlet, Gertrude is startled and worried, so she goes to Claudius while he is speaking to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. After Rosencrantz and Guildenstern leave, Claudius asks Gertrude how Hamlet was, and Gertrude replies that he is as â€Å"Mad as the sea and wind when both contend/ Which is the mightier† (IV. 1. 7-8). Gertrude then tells Claudius that Hamlet has killed Polonius, and Claudius notes that if it had been him behind the curtains, Hamlet would have killed him.Claudius then tells Gertrude that they must send Hamlet to England right away and find a way to explain Hamlet's act. He then calls for Rosencrantz and Guildenstern again and tells them about the murder and tells them to find Hamlet. Hamlet Act IV Scene 2 Summary:In Act IV Scene 2, Hamlet has just disposed of Polonius's body. Shortly after, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern enter and ask Hamlet what he has done with the body. They tell him that they want to bury him in the chapel. Hamlet refuses to answer them and instead accuses them of being spies for Claudius.Finally, Hamlet agrees to go with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to Claudius. Hamlet Act IV Scene 3 Summary: In Act IV Scene 3, Claudius speaks to a group of two or three other people about the murder of Polonius and how he plans to send Hamlet to England because he is too dangerous. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern then enter with Hamlet, who says that Polonius is at a supper in which he is being eaten by worms. Finally, Hamlet admits that Polonius's body is under the stairs in the lobby, so Claudius tells his attendants to go find the body.The King then tells Hamlet that he must leave for England immediately, and Hamlet, pleased, leaves. When Claudius is alone, he says that he hopes that England will put Hamlet to death. Grace Miao Ms. Gordon European Literature 18th November, 2012 Hamlet Act IV Scene 4 Summary: In Act IV Scene 4, Fortinbras leads his army to Poland. He tel ls the Captain to go ask the Danish King if they may travel through Denmark safely. On the way to the King Claudius, the Captain meets Hamlet, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern. Hamlet asks what the army is doing and who it belongs to.The Captain replies that the army belongs to Prince Fortinbras of Norway and that they are heading to Poland to attack the Poles. When Hamlet asked what the purpose of the attack is, the Captain replied that it was over â€Å"a little patch of ground/ That hath in it no profit but the name† (IV. 4. 19-20). Hamlet becomes shocked that a battle could be fought over something so insignificant and notes that his revenge on Claudius gives him more to gain than Fortinbras would gain from the land. Hamlet becomes angry with himself for giving up on his revenge and declares that his thoughts will be bloody or else they will be worth nothing.Hamlet Act IV Scene 5 Summary:In Act IV Scene 5, Gertrude says to a gentleman and Horatio that she does not wish to sp eak to Ophelia; however, Horatio tells her that Ophelia should be pitied because her grief has made her mad, so Gertrude finally agrees. When Ophelia enters, she is singing. When Claudius enters, he says that Ophelia's grief is caused by the death of her father and that many other people have been disturbed and suspicious of Polonius's death. He also says that Laertes has sailed back to Denmark secretly. Laertes then enters with a mob of people who call him lord and say that he will be king.Laertes is furious and exclaims that he will avenge his father's death. When Ophelia, still mad, enters again, Laertes becomes furious again. Claudius tries to calm Laertes down and tells him that he did not kill Polonius and that Laertes should take revenge on the correct person. Claudius then manages to convince Laertes to listen to his version ceof Polonius's death. Grace Miao Ms. Gordon European Literature 18th November, 2012 Laertes' Character Analysis Act IV Scene 5 1. In order for an actor to understand Laertes better in Act IV Scene 5, the actor must understand how Laertes acts as a foil for Hamlet.In this scene Laertes, like Hamlet, has a father's death to avenge. The difference, however, is that Laertes is active and does not think deeply about the method whereas Hamlet was passive and a man of thought. (IV. 5. 151-154). 2. Laertes' motivation and objective in this scene is to avenge his father's death by murdering whoever killed Polonius because he is furious over his father's death and Ophelia's insane state of mind. (IV. 5. 237-242). 3. Laertes is furious that his father has been murdered. (IV. 5. 151-154). He is also extremely angry over the fact that Ophelia has gone mad because of grief. (IV. 5. 78-187). 4. When Laertes storms in demanding for his father, Claudius attempts to calm him down by replying that Polonius is dead. (IV. 5. 145). Gertrude tries to soothe Laertes by replying that Claudius did not kill him. (IV. 5. 146). 5. Laertes affects the events i n Act IV Scene 5 by setting the play up for the scene in which most of the action will take place. He is prepared to murder whoever killed his father and made his sister insane. (IV. 5. 237-242). He is affected by the events of the scene because he is told that his father is dead and then sees his sister wander in acting mad. This makes him furious. . Laertes acts as a foil to Hamlet in this scene because both have a father's death to avenge; however, Laertes is a man of action while Hamlet is a man of thought. The second Laertes realized that his father was dead, he becomes furious and vows to take bloody revenge. Hamlet, on the other hand, was passive and depressed after he realized that his father was dead. It also took Hamlet a lot longer to be ready to take revenge. (IV. 5. 151-154). 7. When we saw Laertes last, he was calmer. Laertes has changed in that in this scene, he is angry over the death of his father and the insane state of mind of his sister. IV. 5. 149-151). This cha nge helps set the action of the play in motion because Laertes is planning to take revenge for his father's death. 8. This act makes me wonder how Laertes will react when he realizes that it was Hamlet who murdered his father because earlier in the play, Laertes told Ophelia to be careful of Hamlet. In this act, Hamlet also indirectly made Ophelia go mad because of grief, so Laertes may react stronger because it was Hamlet's doing. 9. When Laertes says, â€Å"To hell, allegiance! Vows, to the blackest devil! / Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! I dare damnation.To this point I stand,/ That both the worlds I give to negligence,/ Let come what comes, only I'll be revenged/ Most throughly for my father† (IV. 5. 149-154), it demonstrates the difference between Laertes and Hamlet because this line accentuates how Laertes is a man of action. Immediately, Laertes declares that he will avenge his father's murder while Hamlet went through a long period of depression before he finally decided to take action. Grace Miao Ms. Gordon European Literature 19th November, 2012 Hamlet Act IV Scene 6 Summary: In Act IV Scene 6, Horatio meets two sailors who were entrusted with a letter from Hamlet.In the letter, Hamlet writes that his ship has been captured by pirates who then brought him back to Denmark. Hamlet then tells Horatio to escort the sailors to the King and Queen because they have messages for them as well. He then says that he has a lot to tell Horatio about Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. After reading the letter, Horatio brings the sailors to Claudius and then goes with them to find Hamlet, who is revealed to be in the countryside near the castle. Hamlet Act IV Scene 7 Summary:In Act IV Scene 7, Claudius and Laertes discuss Polonius's murder. Claudius tells Laertes that Claudius simply buried Polonius secretly.He then explains to Laertes that he did not punish Hamlet for the murder because Gertrude and the citizens like Hamlet, and he does not wish t o upset them as King. A messenger then enters to give Claudius a letter from Hamlet that stated that Hamlet was returning to Denmark. Claudius and Laertes then begin planning Laertes's revenge for his father's death. Claudius remembers how Hamlet had been jealous of Laertes's sword skills, so he tells Laertes to challenge Hamlet to a duel. During the duel, Laertes will use a sharpened sword rather than the traditional dull sword.Laertes is also going to put poison at the end of the sword so that a single scratch from it would kill Hamlet. Claudius then comes up with a back-up plan in which if Hamlet wins, Claudius will give Hamlet a goblet of poisoned wine to celebrate. After this, Gertrude enters and tells them that Ophelia has drowned in a river due to her insane state of mind. Grace Miao Mrs. Gordon European Literature 24th November, 2012 Laertes's Character Analysis Act IV Scene 7 1. In order for an actor to understand Laertes better, he must understand the anger that Laertes fe els towards Hamlet for murdering his father.Because of this, the actor must understand how Laertes felt extremely happy to hear that Hamlet was returning home. (IV. 7. 60-63). He must also understand the grief and rage that must have been going through Laertes when he was told that Ophelia had drowned in a river due to her grief. (IV. 7. 211-217). 2. In Act IV Scene 7, Laertes's objective is to murder Hamlet. Throughout most of the scene, Laertes was plotting his revenge with Claudius. The motivation behind his objective is the death of his father. He wishes to take revenge on whoever murdered his father and caused his sister to go mad. IV. 7. 159-168). 3. Laertes feels extremely happy that Hamlet is returning to Denmark because it allows him to take his revenge for his father earlier. (IV. 7. 60-63). When he finds out that his sister drowned in a river due to grief, however, he becomes saddened and angry again, and possibly even more intent on taking revenge than before. (IV. 7. 15 9-168). 4. Claudius treats Laertes carefully and helps Laertes plot his revenge because he also wants to kill Hamlet. He suggests that Laertes tempt Hamlet into a sword duel, thus providing Laertes a chance to kill Hamlet.He also prepares a backup plan in which he will poison a cup of wine in case Hamlet wins. (IV. 7. 108-120). Laertes appears to have on particular feeling towards Claudius, but he feels extremely angry towards Hamlet and is happy that Hamlet is returning early because he can now take revenge earlier than previously planned. (IV. 7. 60-63). 5. Laertes plans his revenge for his father's death in this scene. This helps build up most of the action that will take place in the next act. This also prepares many of the other characters for their deaths.Laertes is affected by events in this scene because Hamlet's arrival to Denmark helps set his plan in motion earlier than planned. (IV. 7. 60-63). Ophelia's death also increases his anger towards Hamlet and motivation for rev enge. (IV. 7. 211-217). 6. This scene helps portray Laertes as a foil for Hamlet because it took Hamlet an extremely long time to be ready to take revenge for his father's death, whereas Laertes was ready to kill Hamlet even without a true plan. Laertes was so willing to kill Hamlet whenever possible that he was even willing to kill Hamlet in church. (IV. 7. 143). 7.There was not a significant change in Laretes in this scene as compared to scene 5 because in both scenes, Laertes' was extremely angry over his father's death. In this scene, however, Laertes found out who killed his father and is now ready to take revenge. Also, Laertes is further saddened in this scene due to Ophelia's death. (IV. 7. 211-217). 8. This act makes me wonder if Laertes will react even stronger towards Hamlet because Hamlet indirectly caused Ophelia's death as well. (IV. 7. 211-217). I also wonder how Laertes feels about Claudius's willingness to help him plot out his revenge.I wonder if Laertes feels susp icious about it at all or if he is blinded by his anger and need for revenge. 9. When Laertes answered Claudius's question of how he plans to kill Hamlet by saying, â€Å"To cut his throat i' th' church† (IV. 7. 144), it is revealed how Laertes is truly a man of action as compared to Hamlet because Laertes is so furious over his father's death that he is willing to kill Hamlet in such a sacred place. This supports the idea that Laertes is a foil for Hamlet because Hamlet went through a stage of depression before he was ready to plan his revenge.Another line that further supports the idea of Laertes acting as a foil for Hamlet is when Laertes says, â€Å"I am lost in it, my lord. But let him come. / It warms the very sickness in my heart/ That I [shall] live and tell him to his teeth/ â€Å"Thus didst thou† (IV. 7. 60-63). By saying this, Laertes is desplaying his happiness over the fact that Hamlet is returning early. This shows that Laertes is a man of action, not a man of thought, because he simply cares about the fact that he gets to complete his revenge earlier than originally planned.

Tok Knowing a Friend and Swimmin

TOK 11 summative assessment quarter 2 Jacqueline Blok 21/11/11 Compare and contrast knowing a friend to knowing how to swim, knowing a scientific theory and knowing a historical period. What conclusions about nature of knowing can you reach? Thinking I knew how to swim I jumped into a pool and nearly drowned. The one friend who was always there for me, who I thought I knew, left me without a goodbye. Thinking that a light year was a measurement of time, until I had a physics class.I though Pearl Harbor was just a movie, until we were learning about World War 2 in humanities. With asking these questions, to be certain in the world we live in today might be a challenge. Knowing a friend would require a bond, which is created through experiences with each other, a perception of the feelings of that friend and thoughts that run in a deeper level. One might think he/she knows someone very well, because of a long-term close relationship or similar interests or tastes.However no one other t han himself or herself would understand their own way of thinking, the workings of their own mind, it is impossible to know why certain actions are performed by someone else. Only glimpses and insights may be picked up of the complexities of the mysterious mind and personality of oneself. My best friend dislikes exposing her legs, because she doesn’t feel confident enough to show them.This seems like a reasonable excuse, if she is uncomfortable with her body, it would be her choice to expose it or not, however deeper psychological factors are involved and countless other reasons which I would not be able to think of nor comprehend. The knowledge of another person would be mainly created out of language, perception and emotion. A knower’s perception of a friend’s action would be affected by emotions; hence the knowledge of a friend will be affected too.A perception of a friend may be altered when the emotions of a friend affects their actions in certain situation s. Language has complexities too, language can make an attempt at describing feelings, however this doesn’t provide a complete understanding of one and another. The best way to communicate feelings would be to let one experience another’s events and create their own feelings; an example would be the expression â€Å"you can’t possibly imagine what I have been through†, â€Å"Imagine yourself in some one else’s shoes†.Considering the history of one, would affect their ways of acting upon situations, all humans think and act differently according to personalities, which have been shaped by all sorts of experiences in their own past. Swimming is an action which requires a structured breathing pattern and a well timed combination of limb motions, allowing you to travel through water, the important key words here that I found through my observations are that knowing â€Å"how† is not the same as knowing â€Å"of† nor is it close to knowing â€Å"that†.Knowing how to swim is quite similar to knowing a friend. Because one cannot possibly learn how to swim by reading instructions, someone could read all the documents and articles available on how to swim, and jump into a pool and drown. For example at one particular time I developed liking in ‘parkour’ I watched all the youtube videos that I could find on ‘how to parkour, read many articles and tips and tricks. So one day I felt I gained enough knowledge about this acrobatic sport and decided to try it out. And what I learnt was that I could not even jump over a simple bench.I am able to read and apply concepts that I have gained through reading, however in this case I was not able to apply the information fast enough of â€Å"how† to parkour. Even though I had a sophisticated amount of knowledge on how to parkour, I was unable to convert this knowledge and understanding into reality. According to my research these two actions swi mming and parkouring require ‘bodily-kinesthetic intelligence’ which is the ability to control to control the movements of a body and skillfully interact with a variety of objects.Scientific theories have been made through observations of the world, creativity and of course imagination. They can be known through reason, language and perception. A scientist can propose a theory purely upon perception and reasoning and justify this theory with evidence that shows how this particular phenomenon follows the predicted theory. For example in chemistry we did a set of experiments on how different metals when heated in a flame would give out a color. A hypothesis was provided and from that I knew that the flames indeed would change color.I know for a fact that when Copper Chloride is heated it will give out a green color, I saw this through my own eyes and as the experiment was repeated several times with the same results. Seeing out of my own eyes is proof. Through being taugh t by my teacher means I am relying on a higher authority’s knowledge. Also the lack of a language can prove a theory, for example every one dies, this is a fact because by using deductive reasoning there is no one here to tell us otherwise.The problem with knowing a historical period is that it is in the past and we are in the present, the knowledge of a historical period is transferred from the past into the present through language and documentation. If we have not been informed about these periods, the present day people would never had known it existed. The knowing of a historical period is based upon accepting certain events through evidence from the past. It is unfortunate that historians cannot directly â€Å"test† the past whereas a scientific theory and swimming can be tested.This suggests that testing is thus an important factor in determining the nature of knowledge. The claim of knowing a historical period can be justified by looking at pictures or a docume ntary, technology over the years has improved significantly the knowledge we know today about the past. Unlike a scientific theory here we can rely on perception, observation and interpretations. To know a historical period we must have either been there or rely on a higher authority to inform us. I however ponder on the possibility of the authority being fooled by perception.This is where logic and reasoning comes in to decide whether or not something has happened. If something hadn’t happened, then why can we see evidence of the consequences, for example when I visited Cambodia the Angkor Wat temples I saw evidence of historical artifacts of the monks, and until the present monks still live among there. With this I can deduce that these temples must have come from somewhere, and it is definitely a sacred place. With this we are knowing â€Å"that† something happened instead of knowing â€Å"of† a friend.By identifying and considering the four concepts that wer e provided we can conclude that the main difference in the nature of the four knowledge claims are the way you know them; knowing â€Å"how to† and knowing â€Å"that something is† are completely different. A knower will never be able to know a friend than himself or herself, exact feelings and emotions cannot be communicated directly and as detailed through perception and language. Swimming can only be learnt through perception, this ability is not able to be transferred linguistically, but must be learnt first hand through training.A historical period in time can be known by a person who has lived through that time and has transferred the knowledge gained through linguistical means, however the knowledge could be misleading due to perception or the facts of the period are incomplete providing only one side of the story. A scientific theory may be discovered and proven through various tests and observations via perceptions and reason. However communication of this par ticular theory via language does not have the same effect as the perception of it.Emotions can affect perception language cannot transfer precise meanings and assumptions to generalize from specific points can be found through inception. Due to these ways of knowing being limited, complete knowledge is unable to be attained. Different claims requiring different ways of knowing to justify them, they have all have one thing in common; their nature: they are based on premises that we accept in every day life as being ‘true’ and therefore deduct that based on these premises, they are equally true. We know something as far as we are willing to accept it into our world.

Centripetal Force Lab Report Essay Example

Centripetal Force Lab Report Essay Example Centripetal Force Lab Report Paper Centripetal Force Lab Report Paper An object hat moves at a constant speed and changes direction is also experiencing acceleration even though its speed never changes. Both the acceleration produced by changing speed and the acceleration produced by changing direction require a net force. This force that is produced in called the centripetal force and the acceleration that causes a change in direction is called centripetal Centripetal force means center seeking. It is the force responsible for keeping an object in circular motion. If there were no centripetal force the object would fly off at a tangent because of Newtons First Law. This is demonstrated by spinning an object on a string. Fifth string were to break or be cut, the object would fly out of its circular path at a tangent. An equation can be used to represent the relationship between centripetal force, mass, velocity, and the radius of the circle. This equation is: [pica] Equipment and Setup Plastic tube Nylon cord Several rubber stoppers of different sizes Hanging masses Stopwatch Meter stick Tape Setup Procedural Summary String a plastic tube on the nylon cord and place a rubber stopper on one end and a hanging mass on the other end. Sometime it would not start or stop correctly. Other times it would stop and start again when the button was only pressed once. This means the timing of the 20 revolutions may not have been the most accurate, which would change our period lengths as well. Finally how we spun the stopper may not have been consistent. The path may have been slightly different or may have been spun faster or slower than necessary. This would change our periods. Questions and Conclusions Based on these diagrams one can see that the tension is what is actually causing centripetal force to be placed on the stopper as it rotates in circular motion. The mass remained stationary during the trials. This is because the tension applied to it and the force of gravity acting on it were equal. This means the only force left is the tension and centripetal force to keep the stopper rotating. 2. If the string were to break the stopper would fly in a direction tangent to the circle. This means it would be a 900 angle relative to the radius at that point. The reason for this is that when the string breaks centripetal force is no longer keeping the stopper in circular motion. It will therefore follow its normal path because of Newtons first law. It didnt go straight before because an external force was acting on it, but now that the centripetal force is gone, it will stay in its normal motion path until acted upon by another outside force. When the stopper is in circular motion it has acceleration because its direction is constantly changing. When the string breaks, however, the stopper will move at a constant elicit therefore producing no acceleration. This also means there is an absence of force according to Newtons Second Law. 3. As centripetal force increased, the velocity increased. 4. As the radius of the circle increased, the velocity increased. 5. As the mass of the moving stopper increased, the velocity decreased. 6. The centripetal force would need to decrease. This is because the radius is in the denominator and increasing the denomination with a constant numerator (mass and velocity) causes the quotient (centripetal force) to decrease. Conclusion This was a very successful lab overall. The graphs, the trend lines, and the slope of the trend lines really helped me to understand how changing the different factors in the centripetal force formula affects the results. I was able to verify the relationships in a statistical and visual way. While not always the case, most of the time I was able to visually see how the velocity changed with each trial. This certainly helped me understand the relationship and trends between the variables. Our data was able to show a clear trend as well, so the error must have been minimal. It seems like the correlations of the lines of best fits re close to 1 or -1 as well, so this also shows OUr data had quite regular trends.

Consistent Use of That in Parallel Constructions

Consistent Use of That in Parallel Constructions Consistent Use of â€Å"That† in Parallel Constructions Consistent Use of â€Å"That† in Parallel Constructions By Mark Nichol As a conjunction, that is often optional. But when two or more corresponding phrases are involved, employ it consistently or omit it altogether, as explained in the discussion and shown in the revision following each of these examples. 1. It is healthy to recognize that biases exist and everyone has them. In this sentence, â€Å"everyone has them† might be read as an afterthought rather than a second consideration parallel with â€Å"biases exist.† To strengthen its correspondence with the earlier phrase, repeat that: â€Å"It is healthy to recognize that biases exist and that everyone has them.† (A misreading is unlikely to occur if the sole instance of that in the original sentence is deleted, but the sentence is more effectively rendered with that inserted before each phrase.) 2. More than three out of four respondents indicated their organizations are either facing strong pressure to reduce costs or that they are facing increased demand to manage spending levels. Here, if the sentence ended with costs (with either no longer necessary), inserting that after indicated would be discretionary. But if the writer uses it after the conjunction or, it must also appear in the corresponding position in the first part of the sentence, and either must be shifted to an earlier position: â€Å"More than three out of four respondents indicated either that their organizations are facing strong pressure to reduce costs or that they are facing increased demand to manage spending levels.† Alternatively, it can be deleted after or as well, in which case either must remain in its original location. (However, consider a third option that renders an earlier instance of that unnecessary and simplifies the sentence: â€Å"More than three out of four respondents indicated that their organizations are facing either strong pressure to reduce costs or increased demand to manage spending levels.†) 3. Get the facts out and make sure all sides of the issue are voiced, all relevant facts are obtained, and that everyone whose opinion is valued is heard. In this case, because of the list structure, that need not be repeated for each list item, but if it is to be employed at all, it must be inserted at the head of the list: â€Å"Get the facts out and make sure that all sides of the issue are voiced, all relevant facts are obtained, and everyone whose opinion is valued is heard.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your WritingHow to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Critique of Aristotle's Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Critique of Aristotle's Politics - Essay Example In each of these types of governance, he gives the sound and the bad. According to Aristotle, the philosopher king is the ideal governance. In this form, the kings’ interest is in the welfare of his people (Tacitus & Benario 18). The highest form of governance is the monarchy. It is hereditary in nature, and people can associate freely with the royal family. In a monarchy, the interests of the nation take priority above all other matters. When the respectable leadership of a monarchy becomes rogue, Aristotle terms it as tyranny. When leadership becomes self seeking the citizens of this state, suffers thus; cannot achieve happiness (Chuska 277). Aristotle considers aristocracy of philosophers to be the second best leadership. When this form of leadership gets crooked, it becomes oligarchy. Further, he views democracy as the worst form of leadership. In his opinion, the third best form of leadership is one whose polity would combine all the noble forms of leadership. According to Aristotle, a polity is a constitution. Aristotle is of the opinion that, for a polity to be viable, it has to consider the stability and security of its people. The aristocracy as Aristotle puts it is the rule of several. When a virtuous rule of law prevails the society enjoys solidity. In this rule, the needs of the wealthy get priority while the rest of the population gets neglected. This brings about class division, and discrimination on the basis of riches. The elite in the society protect and guard their status making it difficult to join the elite group from low class people. According to Aristotle, who was advocating for fairness, elitism in the society is wrong (Chuska 278). Polity is the rule of the majority. This is what Aristotle refers to as the rule of many. In the better form, it concerns with the needy. The leaders take office through an election. It is the citizens of the state who decide the person

Quiz Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Quiz - Assignment Example Even though the concept of neoclassical economics has gained fame through the implementation by various economists, there are critics on the principle. The economists who were majorly involved in the neoclassical concept in economics are George Stigler, John Hicks, William Stanley, John Bates Clark, and Carl Menger (Frostater, 23). Neoclassical approach is based on several features that are common in various schools of economic thought. A prominent economist called Roy Weintraub argued that the neoclassical economic concept if based on three assumptions that; consumers concentrate on utility maximization while firms concentrate on profit maximization, people are always operating independently due to the fact of relying on the relevant information and there is also a great perception in the aspect of rationale preferences in the individuals. The idea of neoclassical criticism brings the element of imperfect completion in the market. This happens in various ways such as; large business organizations may come together with a goal of neoclassical profit maximization but if there is a rejection in social issues, there is a problem, making the neoclassical equilibrium theory companionable with the economic situation delays thus creating chances for poor performance. There are complex mathematical concepts that are challenging to relate with the current economic situations in the markets. This section concentrates on some three strategic programs that are required in order to meet the long-term economic policies and goals of Stockholm such as becoming a state that is carbon neutral, clean technology and facilitating the economic opportunities from green innovation technology (Frostater, 71). The three sectors are improving urban transport and accessibility, production of energy resources that are free from carbon and creativity or innovation in the business premises. Maintenance of